On October 6, 2021, the ECJ issued its decision in the case C-717/19 (Boehringer Ingelheim).
Context: Reference for a preliminary ruling – Value added tax (VAT) – Directive 2006/112 / EC – Article 90 (1) – Reduction of the tax base in the event of a price reduction after the time the transaction is formalized – Contributions paid by a pharmaceutical company to the state health insurance body – Article 273 – Administrative formalities imposed by national regulations for the exercise of the right to reduction – Principles of fiscal neutrality and proportionality
Article in the EU VAT Directive
Articles 90(1) and 273 of the EU VAT Directive 2006/112/EU
Article 90 (Taxable amount)
1. In the case of cancellation, refusal or total or partial non-payment, or where the price is reduced after the supply takes place, the taxable amount shall be reduced accordingly under conditions which shall be determined by the Member States.
Article 273
Member States may impose other obligations which they deem necessary to ensure the correct collection of VAT and to prevent evasion, subject to the requirement of equal treatment as between domestic transactions and transactions carried out between Member States by taxable persons and provided that such obligations do not, in trade between Member States, give rise to formalities connected with the crossing of frontiers.
The option under the first paragraph may not be relied upon in order to impose additional invoicing obligations over and above those laid down in Chapter 3.
Facts (simplified):
The applicant, a pharmaceutical company, submitted a supplementary VAT declaration. By doing so, it reduced the amount of VAT due for that tax period, invoking payments made under special civil law agreements between it and the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (NEAK), a public health insurer.
The agreements relate to the medicinal products marketed by the applicant, whereby the applicant agreed to make payments to NEAK on the basis of the number of sales of those medicinal products subsidised by social security. These payments were deducted from its turnover from the sale of the medicinal products.
The applicant sells the medicinal products directly to the wholesaler, the wholesaler to the pharmacy and the pharmacy in turn to the patient, at a price from which the amount subsidised by social security is deducted. NEAK subsequently reimburses the amount of the subsidy to the pharmacy, which pays VAT on both the amount paid by the patient and the amount paid by NEAK.
The applicant is not under a legal obligation to conclude the agreements, but the conclusion of the agreements enables it to ensure that the medicinal products which it markets are subsidised by social security. This is also advantageous for NEAK, as it enables NEAK to make new and modern medicinal therapies subsidised by social security available at all times to patients who need them.
In view of the payment requests, bank statements, prices used as a basis for the subsidy and other important data in the agreements, the tax authority at first instance rejected the applicant’s supplementary declaration and did not authorise the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount. The defendant, the Opposition Division of the Hungarian National Tax and Customs Administration, upheld the decision at first instance and took the view that the payments made to NEAK did not comply in substance with the conditions laid down in Paragraph 77(4) of the Law on VAT, namely that they must form part of the business policy of the company or have sales promotion as their objective.
Consideration
The national court states that the Court has not yet ruled on the question whether the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount is possible even if the reduction is not granted under a mandatory provision of national law but on a voluntary basis. The referring court takes the view that, in the present case, NEAK must be regarded as the final consumer of the goods supplied by the applicant, with the result that the amount collected by the tax authority cannot exceed the amount paid by the final consumer. It follows that, since, as a result of the reduction granted by the applicant to NEAK, the taxable person does not receive part of the consideration, there was in fact a price reduction in accordance with Article 90(1) of the VAT Directive at the time the transaction was carried out. In those circumstances, the applicant was not in a position to freely dispose of the total price it had received following the sale of its products to pharmacies or wholesalers. As regards the second question, the national court states that the Member States may impose additional obligations in accordance with Article 273 of the VAT Directive in order to ensure the correct collection of VAT. The Hungarian legislation makes the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount subject to presentation of a copy of the invoice certifying that the transaction has been carried out. In the present case, no invoice was sent, but only the request for payment sent by NEAK to the applicant and the bank statement proving payment by bank transfer are available. This ensures the correct collection of VAT, despite the absence of an invoice. The referring court therefore questions whether the restrictions imposed by the Hungarian legislation are proportionate to the objective pursued.
Questions
“Is a national rule under which a pharmaceutical undertaking which makes payments to a public health insurer on the basis of turnover from the sale of medicinal products under a voluntary agreement is not entitled to reduce the taxable amount retrospectively contrary to Article 90(1) of the Directive?”
Is Article 90(1) of Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax to be interpreted as precluding national legislation, such as that at issue in the main proceedings, under which a pharmaceutical company which makes payments to a public health insurer on the basis of turnover from the sale of medicinal products under a voluntarily concluded contract is required to make such payments, and therefore does not receive full reimbursement for those medicinal products, is not entitled to reduce the taxable amount retrospectively, merely because the payments were not made in a manner determined in advance in its business policy and not with sales promotion as the main objective?
If the answer to the first question is in the affirmative, must Article 273 of Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax be interpreted as precluding national legislation such as that at issue in the main proceedings, which makes the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount subject to the condition that the performance of the act giving rise to the entitlement to repayment is evidenced by an invoice issued in the name of the person entitled to repayment, even if the act giving rise to the retrospective reduction of the taxable amount is sufficiently documented, based on information which can be verified retrospectively, is partly public and authentic, and enables the tax to be correctly collected?
AG Opinion
None
Judgment
1. Article 90(1) of Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax, must be interpreted as precluding a national law that provides that a pharmaceutical company may not reduce its taxable amount for value added tax by the portion of its revenue obtained from the sale of medicinal products subsidised by the State health insurance agency which it reimburses to that organisation under a contract entered into by the State health insurance agency and that company, because the amounts paid in that regard were not set out in advance by that company in its commercial policy and because those payments were not made for promotional purposes.
2. Article 90(1) and Article 273 of Directive 2006/112 must be interpreted as precluding a national law where the subsequent reduction of the taxable amount for value added tax is subject to the condition that the person entitled to the refund has an invoice in the relevant name providing proof of the transaction giving entitlement to that refund, even where such an invoice has not been issued and where proof of that transaction may be determined by other means.
Source
Summary
Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG Magyarországi Fióktelepe is the Hungarian subsidiary of a pharmaceutical company. Its main activity is the sale of subsidized medicines to wholesalers. In that context, Boehringer concludes an agreement with the NEAK, the Hungarian managing body of the national health insurance. In 2018, Boehringer is requesting a VAT refund in connection with payments to the NEAK under the price-volume agreements. This concerns an ex post reduction of the taxable amount of the VAT. The Hungarian Tax Authorities reject the request, because Boehringer’s payments to NEAK do not meet the conditions laid down in the VAT Act for reducing the taxable amount of VAT. The Hungarian court is asking questions for a preliminary ruling in this case.
The EU Court of Justice rules that Hungary is acting in breach of EU law with the conditions it imposes on Boehringer with regard to the VAT deduction of an amount that Boehringer has paid to the Hungarian managing body of the national health insurance. Furthermore, it is also contrary to EU law that a registered invoice is required for the ex post reduction of the VAT taxable amount, even where such an invoice has not been issued and the execution of the transaction giving rise to the refund can be demonstrated by other means.
Reference to the case in the EU Member States
- Czech Republic: Indirect bonuses paid by the manufacturer to the health insurance company may be used to decrease the VAT
- Romania: Adjustment of VAT base permitted for price reductions to non-clients
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