The Supreme Court (Lords Briggs, Hamblen, Leggatt, Lady Rose, and Richards) rejected Hotel La Tour’s appeal on 17 December 2025 ([2025] UKSC 46), unanimously holding that the VAT incurred on professional fees related to the sale of its subsidiary’s shares was not deductible. [supremecourt.uk], [estatesgazette.co.uk], [deeksvat.co.uk]
⚖️ Key Points of the Judgment
• Direct and Immediate Link Test
- The Court reaffirmed that the foundational VAT rule for recovering input tax is whether there is a direct and immediate link between the input and a taxable supply. [vatcalc.com], [deeksvat.co.uk]
- Since the legal and advisory fees were incurred to effect an exempt share sale, they lacked the necessary link to any taxable activity, even though the proceeds funded a taxable project. [deeksvat.co.uk], [vatcalc.com]
• Purpose-Driven Argument Rejected
- The Court dismissed Hotel La Tour’s argument that using the sale proceeds to fund taxable activity should allow VAT recovery.
- While CJEU cases mention “purpose” in certain contexts, those are limited to start‑up or pre‑trading scenarios—not continuous VAT-liable businesses. [vatcalc.com], [gravita.com]
• SKF and Frank Smart Precedents Clarified
- Clarified that Skatteverket v AB SKF does not override the direct link rule.
- Likewise, Frank A Smart applies only to pre-trading input costs and is not to be generalized to cases involving ongoing taxable businesses. [vatcalc.com], [deeksvat.co.uk]
• VAT Group Treatment Confirmed
- The existence of a VAT group between Hotel La Tour and its subsidiary did not transform the transaction’s character.
- VAT grouping is merely an administrative construct and does not convert an exempt activity into a taxable or out-of-scope one. [vatcalc.com], [gravita.com]
Implications
- This decision closes the door on VAT recovery for professional fees incurred in the sale of shares, even when the proceeds are invested in taxable operations.
- It crystallizes that fundraising purpose and VAT-group status cannot override the strict requirement for a direct link to taxable activity. [deeksvat.co.uk], [estatesgazette.co.uk], [vatcalc.com]
The decision upholds HMRC’s position and provides definitive guidance on VAT recovery rules, affirming that input VAT is not deductible when directly and immediately linked to an exempt transaction—even if the funds are used for taxable business activity.
Source Supreme Court
Other Newsletters
- Direct Link to Exempt Supply: The Supreme Court ruled that the VAT on professional fees incurred by Hotel La Tour Ltd (HLT) in relation to a share sale had a direct and immediate link to an exempt supply. The court concluded that the professional fees could not be linked to the taxable supplies funded by the share sale, reaffirming that costs related to exempt supplies are not recoverable.
- Distinction Between Exempt and Non-Economic Activities: HLT’s argument that the tax treatment of exempt and non-economic activities should be the same was rejected. The court maintained that costs linked to exempt activities do not permit VAT recovery, while costs associated with non-economic activities can sometimes be attributed to overall business operations if they contribute to generating taxable income.
- VAT Grouping Impact: The court found that being part of a VAT group did not change the nature of HLT’s management services to its subsidiary, and thus, the share sale remained exempt. HLT’s claim that its management activities should be disregarded due to VAT grouping was dismissed, confirming that the companies retained their individual business activities and the exempt status of the share sale.
Source KPMG
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