- Carbon Tax Implementation: As of April 1, 2025, 23 European countries have implemented carbon taxes, with rates varying significantly; Sweden leads with €134.06 per metric ton, while countries like Poland and Ukraine have much lower rates at €0.09 and €0.68, respectively.
- Coverage and Overlap with ETS: The scope of carbon taxes differs among countries, impacting the percentage of greenhouse gas emissions taxed. Some countries, like Finland and Norway, face double taxation due to overlaps between national carbon taxes and the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS).
- Recent Developments: Several countries, including Germany, Austria, Albania, and Hungary, have introduced carbon taxes or are transitioning to ETS frameworks, while other regions like Catalonia and Turkey are exploring their own carbon tax or ETS initiatives.
Source Tax Foundation
